Showing posts with label ATG-Interviews Q and A. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ATG-Interviews Q and A. Show all posts

Monday, December 19, 2011

ATG Interview Questions and Answers Part4




1. What are the two methods in a component
Ans: getters & setters


2. Have you worked with repositories
Ans: if you answer yes be ready to answer questions on cache, implementing a repository from scratch, and others. (please see my post on repositories)


3. Name 2 types of tables
Ans: primary and auxillary


4. Have you worked on shopping carts
Ans: CartModifierFormHandler , ShoppingCartFormHandler


5. Name 2 types of checkout
Ans: Express Checkout, Guest Checkout


6. Difference between Express Checkout and Checkout
Ans: Express- Logged in user has information stored
Guest- will enter all information (shipping, billing, review steps) and information is not saved


7. What is BCC
Ans: Business Control Center- UI for Business Users (to upload content to Catalogs, create promotions etc)


8. What are custom dsp tags
Ans: Custom tags is written by the developer.
Dsp is all ready to use. you can use to render content dynamically by linking Nucleus components directly to your JSPs. Essentially, the DSP tag libraries let you connect your JSP content to the Java code at work behind the scenes so you can separate your application logic from your presentation layer.
ATG 7 provides you with three tag libraries: JSTL, DSP/DSPEL, and Core. You can find these tag libraries in <ATG7dir>/DAS/taglib.

9. Difference between droplet, FormHandler and servlet:
Ans: Servlet is a java class. Droplet is from ATG
Droplet is used to render or put data in the db
Servlet is used to submit data, it acts as a controller. It is not used to put data.
Servlet also renders the portion of JSP page.
FormHandlers are used when there are forms. They help to perform validation for the forms.

10. Difference between dsp and dspel tags
Ans: The DSP tag library tags support runtime expressions, such as references to scripting variables. These tags use a id attribute to name the scripting variables they create.
The DSPEL tag library tags support JSTL Expression Language (EL) elements that are also evaluated at runtime. These tags often produce a result object named by the var attribute.
For custom tags we need to write the properties file and a class file to define the functions. We need to include a tag file with extension .tld. (tag library definition) and in the droplet include the path of the tag uri <% tag uri…..%>
For example we can write a custom tag to calculate the shipping rate with promotion and save it and then extend wherever required.


11. what is Nucleus
Ans: Nucleus is the central registry for the JavaBeans that contain your application-level logic. It creates and configures Dynamo components and organizes them into a hierarchical namespace

12. difference between dsp: include and jsp:include
Ans: Dsp imports all objects of type class also, where as jsp imports only primitive types.
Jsp includes are dynamic where as dsp include are for data which is smaller than 64 kb.
ATG created the DSP tag library as a mechanism for accessing all data types, including those that exist in ATG’s Nucleus framework. Other functions provided by these tags manage transactions and determine how data is rendered in a JSP. It’s best to use tags from the DSP tag library only for tasks that involve Dynamo Application Framework (DAF) resources. Dsp tag support for the passing of object parameters between pages. In particular, use dsp:include rather than jsp:include, and use dsp:param rather than jsp:param.

13. How to implement shopping cart
Ans: ShoppingCartFormHandler


14. What is the main formhandler you use for Shopping cart
Ans: ShoppingCartFormHandler & CartModifierFormHandler


15. what are the ATG component scopes(global session and request)
Ans: (see post on scopes)


16. what are the Advantages of DAF
Ans: It is used to maintain huge data
It has repositories which help is data anywhere architecture.
Dependency injection
It can write any object of type 1 call in to the db.
Dynamo messaging using patch bay and jms
“Inversion of Control” design pattern, whereby software components are discrete
entities coupled together by the Nucleus container, rather than through direct
reference.

17. What is a Component
Ans: Is a Java bean

18. What are scenarios
Ans: Scenario anticipates and tracks the actions of the people who visit your Web site and responds appropriately by, for example, tailoring the content of the site, offering price promotions, or sending targeted e-mail messages


19. what is a pipeline
Ans: Atg Pipeline is a variant of Servlet Pipeline, In an ATG pipeline the sequence of Programs are executed in a queue.


20. Is DAS for high volume or low volume traffic
Ans: High volume


21. What are the performance issues with ATG
Ans: Performance problems come in many shapes and sizes, but they all mean that the processing of some task is not happening at the expected, and previously observed speed. Performance issues include CPU utilization problems, slow response times, high levels of database activity, long running SQL queries, slow CA deployments, just to name a few.

22. Why is Eclipse used with ATG
Ans: Eclipse IDE

23. Which is the IBM product used with ATG
Ans: WebSphere Application Server
Eclipse IDE


24. What are derived properties
Ans: Enables one repository item to derive property values from another repository item or from another property in the same repository item.


25. Difference between Item Cache and Query cache
Ans: For each item descriptor, an SQL repository maintains two caches:
a.ItemCache
b.QueryCache
Item caches hold the values of repository items, indexed by repository IDs. Item caching can be explicitly enabled for each item descriptor.
Query caches hold the repository IDs of items that match given queries. When a query returns repository items whose item descriptor enables query caching, the result set is cached as follows:
● The query cache stores the repository IDs.
● The item cache stores the corresponding repository items.
26. What are different modes caching
Caching modes are set at the item descriptor level, through the <item-descriptor> tag’s cache-mode attribute. The default caching mode is simple caching. To set a different caching mode on an item descriptor, set cache-mode to one of the following values:
● simple
● locked
● distributed (distributed TCP caching)
● distributedJMS (distributed JMS caching)
● distributedHybrid (distributed hybrid caching)

27. which are the handleX methods in <any important formhandlers..>
Ans: HandleX methods contain the actual function to be performed. its a method. Like in ProfileFormHandler- handleLogin

28. What are priceLists
Ans: Price Lists allow you to target a specific set of prices to a specific group of customers. Price lists are managed through a single interface in the ACC. For example, price lists can be used to implement business to business pricing where each customer can have its own unique pricing for products based on contracts, RFQ and pre-negotiated prices.

Sunday, December 18, 2011

ATG Interview Questions & Answers part 3


1. What is ATG Dynamo? What is ATG Framework?

Ans. ATG Dynamo or Dynamo Application Server(DAS) is a J2EE application server from Art Technology Group. Atg framework is a Web Application framework for building web applications. ATG dynamo implements the ATG framework. The application framework can also be run on all major J2EE application servers (JBoss, WebLogic, WebSphere etc...).

2.What is the scope of Dynamo Components?

Ans. There are three different types of scopes for ATG components namely
1. request
2. session
3. Global
Global is the default scope

3.What is Nucleus? 
 
Ans.Nucleus is ATG`s open Object Application Framework. ATG 7 is said to be a component-centric development platform. The ATG 7 Web applications are nothing but individual JavaBean components assembled together. These JavaBean components are configured and linked together by .properties files within Nucleus.
In Nucleus, each service is packaged as a JavaBean or set of JavaBeans. These JavaBeans are configured individually and mounted into a namespace. The beans then interconnect with the beans representing other services. Nucleus is responsible for interpreting the component configurations and the management of the component namespace.
Dynamo uses the Nucleus framework to organize components into a hierarchical structure (similar to a directory structure). Each Nucleus service has a unique Nucleus name. For example, the default javax.sql.DataSource component is located at /atg/dynamo/service/jdbc/JTDataSource
Nucleus is the core of the entire ATG system. It creates and configures Nucleus components (also called beans and JavaBeans) and organizes them into a hierarchical namespace, essentially giving them a place to live so they can be referenced by other components. By reading the .properties files associated with each component, Its Nucleus which figures out that which components are to be used in an application ,initializes them to their default values and how decides about how they connect to each other. This model makes it easier for the developers to build ATG applications by configuring and using the pre-built components instead of writing a lot of Java code from scratch.

4.
What is ATG Repository? 
 
Ans.ATG Repository refers to the ATG`s way of accessing the Database through programs. It is somewhat similar to what Hibernate offers, Seperating the Application Logic from that of Database. So Atg repository provides a fine grained abstraction between the application logic and Database. Thus it supports the ATG`s Data Anywhere paradigm, the application logic created by developers to interact with data need not change for any change in the source of that data. ATG repository architecture ensures that the source of the data is hidden behind the Dynamo Repository abstraction. It would be easy to change from a relational data source to another or to an LDAP directory since none of the application logic would need to change. Once data is retrieved from a data source it is transformed into an object-oriented representation. Manipulation of the data can then be done using simple getPropertyValue and setPropertyValue methods. The Repository API ties in closely with ATG’s targeting APIs, so you can retrieve items from the repository based on a variety of targeting rules, as well as retrieving specific identified items.

5.What is Atg Pipeline?
 
Ans Atg Pipeline is a variant of Servlet Pipeline, In an ATG pipeline the sequence of Programs are executed in a queue.
Below is the ATG servlet pipeline
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/DynamoHandler
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/TransactionServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/PathAuthenticationServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/URLArgumentServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/CookieServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/ContextPathServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/ServletPathServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/SessionServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/DynamoServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/SessionSaverServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/FormLoginServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/WebApplicationDispatcherServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/CgiServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/ServletPathDispatcher
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/FileFinderServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/MimeTyperServlet
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/MimeTypeDispatcher
/atg/dynamo/servlet/pipeline/FileServlet
 It starts with the DynamoHandler which adds the Dynamo specific request and response objects to the request's context. Actually the list of servlets you will see depends on which modules you have running. This is the DAS configuration DPS and other modules can and do add more servlets to the pipeline.

6.What is ATG tag library? 
 
Ans. Atg tag library is a variant of jsp standard tag library. However atg provides its own set of tag libraries e.g. dsp,dspel, core

7.What is ATG DPS? What are its elements? 
 
Ans7. ATG DPS refers to the ATG Dynamo personalization system. It is driven by User Profile Data and business rules designed to deliver the right content to the right user.
There are three key elements of the ATG DPS personalization System.
  • 1. User Profile Management
  • 2. Content Targetting
  • 3. Targeted E-mail
  • User Profile Management
     
    When a person visits a website driven by ATG Dynamo Personalization Server(ATG DPS) website for the first time, The person is allowed to create its own User Profile.
    Once created, DPS stores that User`s Profile in its database repository. This profile contains a list of properties that describe the person`s characteristics, such as the name they entered in a registration form or the date of their last login. ATG DPS uses this profile information stored in its database repository to provided targeted content to each other. 

     
  • Content Targeting
     
      Targeting is the process of displaying
      • 1. Content items
      • 2. To a particular user
      • 3. At a particular time
      • 4. In a particular context and
      • 5. On a particular rule set.

      In the DPS rule based system, business managers create rule sets called content targeters that control how content is displayed on the web site.



      • Targeting Email
          DPS includes a Targeted Email service for composing and delivering personalized email using the same profile groups and targeting rules you use to deliver content on your web site. Also if you have Dynamo Scenario Server installed, you can use scenarios to deliver targeted email. You can use targeted email to perform below activities.
        • 1. Send a confirmation message to a new user who registers at your site.
        • 2. Notify frequent customers of special sales.
        • 3. Notify all users that have not logged into your site in several months that their accounts will be closed soon.
        • 4. Send out a mass mailing with each message tailored to its reciepient.
8.Which class to extend while creating ATG Droplets?
 
Ans8. DynamoServlet.java

9.What are ATG Form Handlers?
 
Ans9. ATG Formhandler is the intermediate class that comes in between a jsp form value and its bean class. They are there to evaluate the validity of form data before it is submitted, write data to and read data from a database or repository, and direct the user to different pages, depending on the results of the form submission

10.What is Base class for all ATG Formhandlers?

Ans10. GenericFormHandler.java

11.What is class Heirarchy for ATG Formhandlers?How to create a FormHandler?

Ans11. At the top of ATG formhandler class heirarchy there exists the DropletFormHandlerinterface. Then come, three different classes provided by Dynamo which extend this interface. They are as below
   atg.droplet.EmptyFormHandler
   atg.droplet.GenericFormHandler
   atg.droplet.TransactionalFormHandler
The EmptyFormHandler is the most simplest to implement. It implements the DropletFormHandler interface and defines blank body implementations of the methods in this interface.
GenericFormHandler extends EmptyFormHandler. It defines the simple implementations of the DropletFormHandler interface’s methods and the basic error handling logic. If errors occur in processing a form that uses GenericFormHandler, the errors are saved and exposed as properties of the form handler component. TransactionalFormHandler extends GenericFormHandler, It treats the form processing operation as a transaction. Though the methods invoked by this form handler are processed discretely, but their results are saved simultaneously. The beforeGet and afterGet methods do the transaction management. This establishes the transaction before any of your properties are set or handler methods are called.

Thursday, December 15, 2011

ATG Basic Interview questions

Q1: Define ATG Dynamo.
A: ATG Dynamo, also known as Dynamo Application Server (DAS) or Dynamo ATG is an app server based on J2EE that the Art Technology Group created.

Q2: Define ATG framework.
A: The ATG framework is used for building Web applications which can run on JBOSS, WebLogic, WebSphere and other J2EE application servers.

Q3: How do the terms ATG Dynamo and ATG framework interact?
A: The ATG framework is used by Dynamo ATG.

Q4: Describe the meaning of scope Dynamo ATG components.
A: ATG components have 3 types of scopes including request, session & global.

Q5: Which scope is considered to be the default scope?
A: Global
Q6: What ATG Dynamo base class is extended when creating form handlers?
A: GenericFormHandler.java

Q7: Droplets are created by what Dynamo ATG base class?
A: DynamoServlet.java
Q8: What form handlers are involved with checkout?
A: ShoppingCartFormHandler

Q9: What methods are involved with checkout?
A: Many, including handleMoveToConfirm
Q10: Name 7 common elements a user may see during checkout through ATG Dynamo.
A: Add to shopping cart, Login, Billing address, Payment, eMail confirmation, Confirm button, Shipped eMail address

Q11: Describe the meaning of ATG Repository?
A: Using ATG Dynamo, this is the process for entering into a Database using programs while keeping the actual application logic apart from the Database.
Q12: Identify Nucleus in Dynamo ATG.
A: The core of ATG Dynamo is the nucleus which is also known as the Object Application Framework.




ATG Important interview questions

1.  What is atg Nucleus??
Nucleus is a ATG container for components. It creates and initializes component instances on request. It manages the components scope. It locates the properties file for the component and through that it reaches the class file of the component. Nucleus components are Java Objects each with an associated .properties file which store configuration values.

2 . What is MANIFEST file??
Applications often depend on other modules, these dependencies are declared in this file.The file name is MANIFEST.MF and resides in the META_INF directory. It specifies ATG-Class-Path,ATG-Required, ATG-Config-Path etc

3. How a component is Instantiated ??
One can start or stop components manually using an ACC.We can instruct nucleus to start a component during server startup, this is done by modifying the “Initial.properties” file.Add the component name to the “initialServices” property inside the Initial.properties file.

4. Differentiate Global,Request & session scopes.
Global: components are accessible from all other components.Not available across ATG servers, each server has its own copy of global scoped component.
Session: means every user of the application gets a separate copy of the component, and component exists for duration of the user’s session.
Request : A component is called in for returning the values of a search, so each time a search is triggered an object instantiation happens and its gone when the result page is closed.Which means the scope of the search component is request.Eg:-formhandlers normally have a request scope.

5. What is a context root?
Is a URL mounting point of the web application. It decides what URL site site visitors will enter to get to the site. Eg: http://www.atg.com/”context-root”
“context-root” is specified in the “application.xml” file in the “j2ee-apps” folder.

6.Logging features of ATG
Any component whose base class implements “ApplicationLogging” Interface can use atg logging infrastructure. Logging can be done per-component, per-module/per-application basis. Error, Warning,Info & Debug messages are the various logging mechanisms.First three are logged by default, whereas the Debug messages are just for debugging purpose and should be removed when the code goes into production.Logging is managed using the “GLOBAL.properties” file, which specfies the log levels of various modules.

7.Format of a Properties file :
Entries are generally expected to be a single line of the form
propertyName=propertyValue
or
propertyName:propertyValue
The property value is generally terminated by the end of the line. White space following the property value is not ignored, and is treated as part of the property value. White space at the beginning of the line is ignored.A property value can span several lines if each line is terminated by a backslash (‘\’) character.
The backslash character must also be “escaped” using a double backslash.Eg: C:\\home\\3tt

8.What is Config Layering??
Properties set in later entries in the CONFIGPATH override earlier entries. By adding a entry to the config path you can customize any components in the system without losing the original configuration information.You can have a global configuration common to all machines then have machine specific information in the last layer.

9.How to register a repository with the dynamo??
Create “/config/atg/registry/ContentRepositories.properties” file and append our repository file (XML )name to the “initialRepositories” property
Eg: initialRepositories+= /myModule/mySampleRepository

10.ATG standard product catalog uses which repository??
If we are using the standard product catalog provided by ATG no need to configure anything. We can straight away use the “/atg/commerce/catalog/ProductCatalog”  repository component

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